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Creative Commons License BY 4.0.
This report is for the watershed with an outlet near 0°26'13"S, 50°44'16"W, or (-0.437, -50.738), with a drainage area of around 5,900,000 km².
The watershed is located in nine countries, as shown below in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Countries in the watershed.
| Country | Area (km²) | Percent of watershed |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 3,690,000 | 63% |
| Peru | 961,000 | 16% |
| Bolivia | 715,000 | 12% |
| Colombia | 340,000 | 6% |
| Ecuador | 130,000 | 2% |
| Venezuela | 53,600 | 1% |
| Guyana | 12,800 | 0% |
| Suriname | 294 | 0% |
| France | 116 | 0% |
Data on political boundaries comes from Natural Earth, https://www.naturalearthdata.com.
The watershed has an estimated population of 33,600,000 in the year 2020. Figure 1 shows how population has changed from 1990 to 2020. The population grew at an average rate of 1.6% per year over this time period.
Population data comes from GlobPop, Global Gridded Population Estimates, created by researchers at Beijing Normal University (Liu 2024).
Human population growth can affect water quality via increased pollution from households, industry, and agriculture. Further, land use and land cover change associated with population growth can have a major impact on watersheds (see the next section of this report).
The most common land cover type in the watershed is tree cover, covering 4,270,000 km² in 2020. More detailed information about land cover and how it has changed is shown in Table 3 and Figure 2 below. Pairs of bars represent the area for each land cover type in the years 2000 and 2020.
Table 3. Land cover in the watershed.
| Land Cover Type | Area in 2000, km² | Area in 2020, km² | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tree cover | 4,450,000 | 4,270,000 | -3% |
| Dense short vegetation | 517,000 | 608,000 | 17% |
| Wetland + tree cover | 571,000 | 563,000 | -1% |
| Wetland + dense short vegetation | 175,000 | 173,000 | 0% |
| Open surface water | 114,000 | 121,000 | 6% |
| Cropland | 47,900 | 108,000 | 125% |
| Semi-arid | 51,400 | 51,200 | 0% |
| Built-up | 12,100 | 39,300 | 225% |
Land cover data comes from the GLAD: Global Land Cover and Land Use Change, 2000-2020 (Popatov et al. 2022). This dataset, created by researchers at the University of Maryland, is available online here. Classification is based on satellite imagery from Landsat and machine learning tools.
Land cover change can profoundly influence watershed hydrology and water quality. Urbanization and development can increase the impervious cover, causing more water to run off rather than infiltrate into the ground. This can decrease groundwater recharge and river baseflows, or the flows that occur during dry times. Deforestation and agricultural development are often accompanied by an increase in soil erosion and sediment loads. Other land use types are associated with water pollution. For example, agriculture can increase loads of pesticides and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from fertilizers. Urbanization and industrialization can cause contamination from a wide range of chemicals used in households and industry.
The average annual precipitation over the watershed is 2,157 mm/year. (Precipitation includes all forms of water, including snow and rain.) Some of this water leaves the watershed surface via evaporation and transpiration, or the loss of water from plants. Annual evapotranspiration is estimated at 1,414 mm/year. The basin climatology, or the monthly average precipitation and evapotranspiration, is shown in Figure 4.
Precipitation data comes from WorldClim, a global gridded dataset by researchers at the University of East Anglia (Harris et al. 2020). This dataset is based on downscaling and bias-correcting the CRU-TS dataset (Fick and Hijmans 2017), which is based on a large collection of station observations that span 1901–2018.
Evapotranspiration is even more difficult to estimate than precipitation. Here, we use a dataset, GLEAM v3.6B, which combines modeling and remote sensing data (Martens et al. 2017; Miralles et al. 2011).
It is difficult to estimate water cycle variables over large areas. So you should keep in mind that these estimates are uncertain (not perfect).
The GRACE satellites provide information about changes in the amount of water over different locations on the Earth. Figure 3 shows the average terrestrial water storage anomaly over the watershed.
The GRACE satellites make highly accurate measurements of the Earth's gravitational field, and provide measurements of changes in the mass of water on a monthly time scale. These measurements do not tell us how much water there is in a region, but rather, how it the amount of water has changed compared to a baseline. The measurement includes all forms of water, including water in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, soil moisture, groundwater, glaciers, snow, and ice. For an introduction to GRACE, see the section of my PhD thesis on Remote Sensing of the Water Cycle.
The total amount of water in the watershed appears to be trending upwards at a rate of 0.7 cm per decade (P = 0.61). This P-value indicates that the observed trend is not statistically significant. In other words, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is a meaningful trend in the data.
GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly data is from the Center for Space Research at the University of Texas, Austin (Save et al. 2016, 2022).
The watershed had about 7167.4 km² of land equipped for irrigation in 2005. This is about 0.1% of the watershed. Figure 5 shows the development of irrigated area from 1900 to 2005. These estimates are based on a global dataset published by an international team of researchers (Siebert et al. 2015).
Irrigation brings many benefits for growing crops. In arid regions, it enables production where it would be otherwise impossible. In humid regions, irrigation can increase crop quality and yield, and provide more certainty against unpredictable climate. Yet, the expansion of irrigation can have impacts on watersheds that need to be carefully managed.
Increased irrigation usually requires more water to be withdrawn from rivers, lakes, or groundwater sources, which can reduce streamflow and alter natural flow patterns. This reduced flow can harm aquatic ecosystems and diminish the water available downstream for other uses. Irrigation often introduces fertilizers and pesticides into the watershed, and may increase soil erosion and sediment transport. When nutrients run off into rivers and streams, they can lead to nutrient pollution, algal blooms, and eutrophication. This plus chemical pesticides and herbicides negatively impacts aquatic life and water quality for human uses.
This watershed contains 163 dams identified in the Global Dam Watch database, with a total storage capacity of 41,000 million m³.
Information on these dams is listed in Table 4. The number and size of dams in a watershed is one measure of hydromodification, or how much the natural hydrologic cycle is influenced by human activities.
Table 4. Dams in the watershed. Unknown or missing data shown with a dash.
| Dam Name | Reservoir Name | River | Main Use | Year | Dam Height (m) | Capacity (10⁶ m³) | Latitude | Longitude | URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cidezal | – | Juruena | Hydroelectricity | – | -13.370 | -59.013 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -2.749 | -78.414 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -7.260 | -59.632 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -10.582 | -65.491 | – | ||
| Dardanelos | – | – | Hydroelectricity | – | -10.165 | -59.448 | – | ||
| Santa Cruz de Monte Negro | – | Jamari | Hydroelectricity | – | -10.230 | -63.233 | – | ||
| Cachoeira Santo Antônio | – | Curuquetê | Hydroelectricity | – | -8.598 | -65.552 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -12.465 | -74.787 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -9.577 | -76.745 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -13.544 | -59.030 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -13.024 | -58.187 | – | ||
| Salto Corgão | – | Guapore | Hydroelectricity | – | -14.448 | -59.485 | – | ||
| Primavera | – | – | Hydroelectricity | – | -11.904 | -61.235 | – | ||
| Marcol | – | JiParaná | Hydroelectricity | – | -12.851 | -60.323 | – | ||
| Incomex | – | – | Hydroelectricity | – | -11.910 | -62.180 | – | ||
| Esperança | – | Guapore | Hydroelectricity | – | -13.778 | -59.770 | – | ||
| – | – | – | – | – | -12.484 | -74.745 | – | ||
| San Gabán I | – | San Gabán | Hydroelectricity | – | -13.720 | -70.453 | – | ||
| San Gabán IV | – | Corani Macusani | Hydroelectricity | – | -13.786 | -70.472 | – | ||
| Balbina | Balbina Reservoir | Uatuma | Hydroelectricity | Built 1987 | 33.0 | 17533.0 | -1.914 | -59.477 | – |
| Belo Monte | Calha Do Xingu Reservoir | Xingu | Hydroelectricity | Built 2019 | 36.0 | 4518.0 | -3.434 | -51.947 | link |
| Samuel | – | Jamari | – | Built 1989 | 38.0 | 3493.0 | -8.740 | -63.468 | – |
| Sinop | – | Teles Pires | Hydroelectricity | Built 2019 | 76.0 | 3070.0 | -11.274 | -55.452 | link |
| Jirau | – | Madeira | Hydroelectricity | Built 2015 | 62.0 | 2746.7 | -9.267 | -64.648 | link |
| Colider | – | Teles Pires | Hydroelectricity | Built 2019 | 40.0 | 1520.0 | -10.984 | -55.763 | link |
| Teles Pires | – | Teles Pires | Hydroelectricity | Built 2016 | 80.0 | 997.0 | -9.353 | -56.777 | link |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1985 | 899.0 | -0.865 | -59.606 | – | |
| Sao Manoel | – | Teles Pires | Hydroelectricity | Built 2017 | 577.0 | -9.190 | -57.051 | link | |
| Upamayo | Junin | Lago Junin | – | Built 1936 | 10.0 | 556.0 | -10.979 | -76.196 | link |
| Rondon II | Repressa da Rondon II | Comemoracao | Hydroelectricity | Built 2010 | 11.0 | 478.3 | -11.998 | -60.697 | link |
| Curua Una | – | Curua Una | – | Built 1977 | 472.0 | -2.817 | -54.300 | – | |
| Mazar | – | Paute | Hydroelectricity | Built 2011 | 166.0 | 410.0 | -2.599 | -78.624 | link |
| Chaglla | – | Huallaga | Hydroelectricity | Built 2016 | 202.0 | 375.0 | -9.695 | -75.836 | link |
| Misicuni | – | Misicuni River | Hydroelectricity | Built 2017 | 120.0 | 185.5 | -17.099 | -66.327 | link |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2007 | 181.3 | -13.852 | -53.256 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2006 | 175.6 | -12.794 | -56.006 | – | |
| Choclococha | – | Pampas | – | Built 1960 | 12.0 | 170.0 | -13.243 | -75.073 | – |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2003 | 155.6 | -9.630 | -54.973 | – | |
| Corani | – | Corani | – | Built 1965 | 150.0 | -17.229 | -65.892 | – | |
| Santo Antonio do Jari | – | Jari | Hydroelectricity | Built 2014 | 14.0 | 133.4 | -0.642 | -52.522 | link |
| Santo Antonio | – | Madeira | Hydroelectricity | Built 2016 | 60.0 | 130.4 | -8.802 | -63.952 | link |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 121.0 | -13.352 | -75.086 | – | |
| Daniel Palacios | – | Paute | Hydroelectricity | Built 1982 | 120.0 | -2.592 | -78.566 | link | |
| Sibinacocha | Lake Sibinacocha | Sibinacocha | Hydroelectricity | Built 1996 | 12.0 | 110.0 | -13.901 | -71.006 | link |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1994 | 108.4 | -11.312 | -59.229 | – | |
| La Angostura | Lago del Eden | Sulti | – | Built 1945 | 22.0 | 100.0 | -17.529 | -66.086 | – |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1998 | 95.4 | -9.777 | -54.990 | – | |
| Figueira | – | JiParaná | Hydroelectricity | Built 2005 | 95.3 | -11.996 | -62.172 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 75.9 | -11.405 | -76.332 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2002 | 64.6 | -15.123 | -58.960 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2010 | 64.4 | -12.533 | -57.877 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2010 | 64.0 | -13.224 | -59.028 | – | |
| Antacoto | Antacoto | Santa Eulalia | – | Built 1966 | 61.2 | -11.408 | -76.362 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 58.7 | -0.541 | -78.225 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 54.1 | -11.959 | -75.912 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2007 | 50.8 | -9.684 | -54.963 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2010 | 47.9 | -13.266 | -59.020 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2016 | 47.4 | -0.199 | -77.686 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 44.5 | -11.719 | -76.122 | – | |
| Pias I | – | – | Hydroelectricity | – | 39.2 | -7.890 | -77.567 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1996 | 38.8 | -9.719 | -65.157 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2011 | 36.4 | -12.903 | -58.914 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1993 | 30.8 | -12.800 | -52.562 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 30.5 | -0.740 | -60.081 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 28.4 | -8.348 | -51.452 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2011 | 28.4 | -17.348 | -60.284 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2010 | 28.0 | -13.199 | -58.985 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 26.7 | -11.777 | -76.093 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2016 | 26.5 | -12.290 | -74.685 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2010 | 25.2 | -13.075 | -58.976 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 22.8 | 2.893 | -60.989 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2003 | 18.8 | -12.194 | -55.594 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1994 | 18.8 | 0.923 | -59.331 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2001 | 17.4 | -12.990 | -55.861 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2004 | 16.8 | -0.233 | -78.158 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 13.8 | -11.879 | -56.297 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2009 | 13.5 | -9.311 | -51.420 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1995 | 12.5 | -10.121 | -53.674 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2016 | 12.0 | 0.112 | -77.962 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1990 | 10.6 | -11.102 | -54.556 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2003 | 10.3 | -17.942 | -64.572 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 10.3 | -17.274 | -63.276 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1995 | 9.2 | -0.781 | -60.017 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 9.0 | -10.568 | -59.208 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 8.6 | 1.462 | -75.480 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 8.2 | 3.216 | -61.090 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 7.1 | -11.478 | -76.272 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1989 | 7.0 | -13.526 | -52.449 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2015 | 6.8 | -13.356 | -57.615 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1992 | 6.8 | -13.144 | -52.572 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1993 | 6.7 | -10.286 | -55.750 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 4.8 | -7.107 | -55.392 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 4.6 | -10.219 | -52.433 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 4.6 | -2.077 | -78.204 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1989 | 4.5 | -10.394 | -56.577 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1987 | 4.4 | -11.679 | -61.825 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 4.2 | -10.646 | -68.101 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 4.2 | -14.318 | -55.793 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2006 | 4.1 | -1.193 | -78.827 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1989 | 4.0 | -10.378 | -58.508 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 4.0 | -0.379 | -78.158 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 3.9 | -11.947 | -51.881 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 3.8 | -11.497 | -56.978 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2016 | 3.5 | -19.322 | -64.491 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1998 | 3.3 | -10.472 | -67.665 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 3.2 | -11.893 | -51.914 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | -7.502 | -72.614 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 2.9 | -11.758 | -56.809 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1997 | 2.8 | -15.787 | -61.684 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 2.7 | -10.419 | -55.749 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 2.5 | -10.589 | -53.864 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1990 | 2.5 | -7.335 | -73.079 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1994 | 2.4 | -10.449 | -53.794 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 2.4 | -11.168 | -56.810 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1998 | 2.3 | -10.639 | -65.103 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2006 | 2.1 | -12.309 | -55.446 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 2.0 | -10.333 | -58.500 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 2.0 | -10.139 | -67.679 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.9 | -10.682 | -68.200 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2012 | 1.9 | -1.209 | -78.809 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 1.8 | -10.350 | -55.717 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.8 | -7.173 | -78.277 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1995 | 1.7 | -11.094 | -57.096 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1986 | 1.6 | -10.041 | -67.594 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.6 | -10.470 | -55.643 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.6 | -1.398 | -78.383 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 | -10.699 | -68.206 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 | 2.912 | -60.325 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1987 | 1.5 | -10.331 | -58.536 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 1.4 | -11.165 | -68.570 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1995 | 1.0 | -10.403 | -58.510 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1995 | 0.9 | -9.453 | -64.608 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2001 | 0.9 | -7.721 | -72.791 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.8 | -7.744 | -72.704 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1998 | 0.7 | -10.735 | -68.415 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1991 | 0.4 | -10.660 | -68.259 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | -11.077 | -68.569 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | -10.350 | -58.501 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | -7.080 | -55.412 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1987 | 0.3 | -7.264 | -73.082 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built before 1985 | 0.3 | -7.699 | -72.777 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 0.3 | -9.468 | -62.430 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 0.3 | -10.148 | -53.703 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | -7.719 | -72.708 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1997 | 0.2 | -7.700 | -72.825 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | -7.692 | -72.891 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 0.2 | -7.749 | -72.686 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | -7.679 | -72.771 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 0.2 | -7.225 | -73.101 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | -10.682 | -68.229 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2003 | 0.1 | -7.309 | -73.065 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 2000 | 0.1 | -7.089 | -55.411 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1989 | 0.1 | -7.724 | -72.675 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -9.383 | -62.553 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 0.1 | -7.332 | -73.065 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -7.694 | -72.813 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -7.727 | -72.675 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1989 | 0.1 | -7.740 | -72.692 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -10.340 | -58.468 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -10.311 | -58.529 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1999 | 0.1 | -10.304 | -58.560 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | -7.700 | -72.699 | – | |
| – | – | – | – | Built 1988 | 0.1 | -12.577 | -60.965 | – |
Dams serve many useful purposes including electric generation, water supply, irrigation, flood control, and recreation. However, if not carefully planned and managed, dams can have a heavy environmental impact. Today, many governments are removing dams to bring rivers back to life.
For a detailed look at the impact of dams on people and the environment, I encourage you to read the book Silenced Rivers by Patrick McCully. To help conserve free-flowing rivers, consider supporting the nonprofit International Rivers.
Data on dams comes from the Global Dam Watch database, published in July 2024. For more details, see the journal article by lead researchers at McGill University (Lehner et al. 2024).
The longest river is the watershed is 6,570 km long. It is shown highlighted in the map in Figure 5 below.
This is the longest continuous flowline in the source dataset, MERIT-Basins. It is not necessarily the mainstem of the river, or the one with the same name. When it comes to naming rivers, historical, legal, and cultural influences are also important.
Figure 6 shows the elevation profile of the longest river reach. Elevations on the plot are in meters above mean sea level. The river begins at 4,180 m, and the outlet is at 0 m.
Elevation data for the profile plot is from MERIT-DEM (Yamazaki et al. 2017). Actual distances on the plot may be underestimated somewhat. This is because river paths are based on a grid or raster data, which simplifies the meandering path of real-world rivers.
Terrain elevations in the watershed range from 0 m to 5,100 m above sea level. The average, or mean, elevation is 440 m. Figure 7 shows a distribution of terrain elevations in the watershed.
Elevation data is provided by EarthEnv (Amatulli et al. 2021), and is based on the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 dataset (GMTED2010). Statistics are based on gridded elevation data with pixels that are about 10 km on a side. Because of the size of the pixels, some smoothing takes place, and so the statistics reported above may not capture the true minimum and maximum elevation.
The watershed is home to 491 threatened freshwater species. Table 5 shows the species that are endangered, vulnerable, or near-threatened, based on assessments by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, or IUCN. Data comes from the IUCN Red List.
For a photo of the species, hover the mouse over Scientific Name in the table, or tap on mobile. Click the link under Status to view the IUCN assessment. Here you can find out more about the reasons the species decline, view maps of the species distribution, and read about any conservation measures being taken.
Table 5. Threatened species in the watershed.
| Type | Scientific Name | Common Name | Status | Presence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fish | Hypancistrus zebra | Acari-zebra | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus bomolochos | Azuay Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene buckleyi | Buckley’s Glassfrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| amphibians | Atelopus nanay | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius sibiricus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus petersi | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Allobates mcdiarmidi | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Nymphargus megacheirus | Large-headed Glassfrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus patazensis | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Rhamdella montana | bagre | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius niger | Black Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Harttia villasboas | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Grundulus quitoensis | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus palmatus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Moema claudiae | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus ardila | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Telmatobius simonsi | Sucre Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides speciosus | pez anual | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius vellardi | Vellard’s Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus podocarpus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Paratrygon aiereba | Discus Stingray | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus charazani | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Apinagia peruviana | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| reptiles | Crocodylus intermedius | Orinoco Crocodile | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius bolivianus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus higuchii | Sarapó | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus hillisi | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius yuracare | Sehuencas Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus orcesi | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Pristimantis pugnax | Agua Robber Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Cinclodes palliatus | White-bellied Cinclodes | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nannophryne apolobambica | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius mendelsoni | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus petriruizi | Painted Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus simulatus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus peculiaris | Funny Rocket Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| plants | Isoetes dispora | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus boulengeri | Boulenger’s Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Knodus shinahota | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Isoetes hewitsonii | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leporinus pitingai | Aracu | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius timens | Tojologue Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Nannostomus mortenthaleri | red pencil | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus truebae | Trueb’s Cochran Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus anthracinus | South American Rocket Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Telmatobius sanborni | Sanborn’s Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus pantostictus | Rio Chingual Valley Treefrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Astroblepus ubidiai | Andean Catfish | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| amphibians | Rhinella amabilis | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus exasperatus | Yapitya Rocket Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus angelito | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Nannophryne cophotis | Paramo Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus erythropus | Carabaya Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus halihelos | Morona-Santiago Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Colostethus jacobuspetersi | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus peruensis | Peru Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus pachydermus | Schmidt’s Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus nepiozomus | Gualecenita Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene geckoidea | Pacific Giant Glass Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Anomaloglossus tepequem | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus pastuso | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Telmatobius espadai | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus epikeisthos | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius edaphonastes | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Centrolene pipilata | Amazon Giant Glass Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus shuar | Santiago Rocket Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus gigas | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Astroblepus formosus | bagre de torrente | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus ignescens | Quito Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus chlorosteus | Parjacti Treefrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Atelopus tricolor | Bolivian Stubfoot Toad | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Phreatobius sanguijuela | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Aposturisoma myriodon | shitari | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus pyrodactylus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus planispina | Flat-spined Atelopus | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Ameerega planipaleae | Oxapampa Poison Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius verrucosus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus | Daggernose Shark | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus sucre | Sucre’s Glassfrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius cirrhacelis | Loja Water Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus marmoreoventris | Rio Negro Rocket Frog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Pristis pristis | Largetooth Sawfish | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus wileyi | Wiley’s Glassfrog | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus jaimei | Sarapó | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Typhlobelus auriculatus | Unknown | Critically Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca espeletia | North Shore Marsupial Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius macrostomus | Lake Junin Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene huilensis | Huila Glass Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus maculosus | Spotted Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Baryancistrus longipinnis | Cascudo | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rhinella cristinae | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus cariticommatus | Unadorned Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius ignavus | Piura Water Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus laurae | Laura’s Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca cuencana | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus staufferorum | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega rubriventris | Rana Venenosa | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius brachydactylus | Junín Riparian Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| fish | Peckoltia cavatica | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis incanus | Rio Azuela Robber Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Strabomantis cornutus | Rio Suno Robber Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Mazarunia pala | Gold Nugget Patwa | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Trichomycterus taeniops | bagre | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus anomalus | Anomalous Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon adamastor | Branco River Freshwater Stingray | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene charapita | Charapita Glass Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Crenicichla urosema | Jacundá | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon tigrina | Tiger Freshwater Stingray | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| mammals | Sotalia fluviatilis | Tucuxi | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon wallacei | Wallace’s Freshwater Stingray | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Orestias elegans | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus tapichalaca | Tapichalaca Treefrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus lindae | Linda’s Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Neblinichthys echinasus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rulyrana saxiscandens | Tarapoto Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus phenax | Tutumbaro Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon jabuti | Pearl Freshwater Stingray | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius brevirostris | Shortsnout Water Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Moema hellneri | Killifish | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hypostomus macrophthalmus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca turnerorum | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus seminiferus | Upper Amazon Stubfoot Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Panaqolus albivermis | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Centromochlus meridionalis | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega yoshina | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Cyphocharax muyrakytan | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma loborhynchos | carachama | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega silverstonei | Silverstone’s Poison Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Akawaio penak | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides luitalimae | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Otocinclus cocama | carachamita | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Laterallus tuerosi | Junin Rail | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ranitomeya summersi | Summers’ Poison Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus pluvialis | Pistipata Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Oligosarcus schindleri | Platincho | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Rollandia microptera | Titicaca Grebe | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Sporophila maximiliani | Great-billed Seed-finch | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Pteronura brasiliensis | Giant Otter | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Tapirus pinchaque | Mountain Tapir | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Inia geoffrensis | Amazon River Dolphin | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Anotomys leander | Ecuadoran Ichthyomyine | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus manauensis | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus exiguus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus andinus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene solitaria | Lonely Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus picachos | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Rineloricaria jurupari | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rhinella vellardi | Alto Marañon Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene medemi | Medem’s Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus mystax | Cloud Forest Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega shihuemoy | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Callimedusa baltea | Purple-sided Leaf Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius punctatus | Huánaco Water Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Niceforonia brunnea | Carchi Andes Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus alessandroi | Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis metabates | Cutin of Chiriaco | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus chancas | Peru Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus fuliginosus | Quijos Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus condor | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ctenophryne aequatorialis | Cuenca Nelson Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nannophryne corynetes | Abra Malaga Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis corniger | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus sylvaticus | Forest Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Tepuihyla warreni | Warren’s Treefrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus bejaranoi | Bolivian Cochran Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis citriogaster | Throated Robber Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Podiceps taczanowskii | Junin Grebe | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Nymphoides herzogii | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene sanchezi | Sanchez’s Giant Glass Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene condor | El Cóndor Glass Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyalinobatrachium anachoretus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius latirostris | Cajamarca Water Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus pacha | Morona-Santiago Treefrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus tigrinus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus siren | Siren Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus cevallosi | Palanda Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca stictopleura | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius marmoratus | Marbled Water Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Peckoltia compta | Cascudo-tigre-de-ouro | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Trichomycterus guianensis | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Orestias polonorum | andean killfish | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus colomai | Coloma’s Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Callimedusa perinesos | Orange-spotted Leaf Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus spumarius | Pebas Stubfoot Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| fish | Pseudoplatystoma metaense | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Harttia panara | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega cainarachi | Cainarachi Poison Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus azureiventris | Sky Blue Poison Dart Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus colomai | Coloma’s Harlequin Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Hopliancistrus tricornis | Ancistrus-de-unha | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca yacuri | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Neblinichthys brevibracchium | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pseudoplatystoma orinocoense | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ancistomus snethlageae | Aba-branca | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Brycon gouldingi | Piabanha | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Creagrutus yudja | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ancistrus marcapatae | carachama | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Boana palaestes | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus oxapampae | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Harttia depressa | Acari-cachimbo | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Dendropsophus rozenmani | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Allobates brunneus | Chupada Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| fish | Knodus dorsomaculatus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Apteronotus leptorhynchus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma daidalmatos | carachama | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lithogenes villosus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Anomaloglossus praderioi | Praderio Nanny Toad | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Anomaloglossus beebei | Beebe’s Rocket Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Laterallus jamaicensis | Black Rail | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nesorohyla kanaima | Kanaima Treefrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene hesperia | Basecamp Giant Glass Frog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyalinobatrachium yaku | Yaku Glassfrog | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Orestias gymnota | Andean Killfish | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Trichomycterus weyrauchi | bagre | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma stroumpoulos | carachama | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides xanthonotus | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides roraima | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma changae | Unknown | Endangered ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Scobinancistrus pariolispos | Acari-cutia | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Excidobates captivus | Rio Santiago Poison Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Blastocerus dichotomus | Marsh Deer | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extinct |
| fish | Austrolebias vandenbergi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus vertebralis | Boulenger’s Rocket Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Centrolene sabini | Sabin’s Glass Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Orestias multiporis | Andean Killifish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Limosa haemastica | Hudsonian Godwit | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Brachyhypopomus belindae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon schroederi | Schroeder’s Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius atahualpai | Amazonas Water Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis nigrogriseus | Charcoal Robber Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus villasboasi | Sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon albimaculata | Tapajós Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Microkayla huayna | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sturisoma graffini | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Isoetes saracochensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma marmorescens | carachama | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega pongoensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Trichomycterus conradi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega bassleri | Pleasing Poison Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lebiasina marilynae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii | Gilded Catfish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis tamsitti | San Adolfo Robber Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Tringa flavipes | Lesser Yellowlegs | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon henlei | Henle’s Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Limnodromus griseus | Short-billed Dowitcher | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega pepperi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus insulatus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Corydoras hephaestus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Sciades parkeri | Gillbacker Sea Catfish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Allobates pacaas | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma branickii | carachama | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ichthyoelephas longirostris | besote | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ranitomeya fantastica | Fantastic Poison Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| mammals | Sigmodon inopinatus | Unexpected Cotton Rat | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Knodus longus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus pulcher | Peruvian Camouflaged Harlequin | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chrysobrycon guahibo | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Archolaemus santosi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius peruvianus | Peru Water Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| fish | Heliotrygon rosai | Rosa’s Round Ray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| crabs | Hypolobocera rathbuni | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| fish | Ancistrus bolivianus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius truebae | Trueb’s Water Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius carrillae | Ancash Water Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Japigny kirschbaum | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca lateonota | El Tambo Marsupial Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca lojana | Rana Marsupial Lojana | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca riobambae | Riobamba Marsupial Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Astroblepus supramollis | bagre de torrente | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides lineasoppilatae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Tapirus terrestris | Lowland Tapir | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon pantanensis | Pantanal Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Plesiotrygon iwamae | Antenna Ray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hassar shewellkeimi | Reco-reco | Vulnerable ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| amphibians | Vitreorana helenae | Venezuela Cochran Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Trichechus manatus | West Indian Manatee | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Trichechus inunguis | Amazonian Manatee | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Titanolebias monstrosus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Acanthobunocephalus scruggsi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Harttia dissidens | Acari-cachimbo | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Niceforonia dolops | Putumayo Robber Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Myrmotherula klagesi | Klages’s Antwren | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Tahuantinsuyoa chipi | bujurqui | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Moema obliqua | killfish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Hypericum callacallanum | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Colostethus mertensi | Mertens’ Rocket Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Laimosemion gransabanae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Roestes itupiranga | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis pinchaque | Tapir Robber Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Rhyncholacis nobilis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lebiasina ardilai | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lebiasina minuta | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Uaru fernandezyepezi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Megadontognathus kaitukaensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus inpai | Sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Cercomacra carbonaria | Rio Branco Antbird | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Parodon orinocensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Calidris fuscicollis | White-rumped Sandpiper | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus caboclo | sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Tyttocharax metae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Characidium wangyapoik | Ireng River Tropical Darter | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Callimedusa ecuatoriana | Agua Rica Leaf Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus diabolus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Nymphargus garciae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| plants | Isoetes herzogii | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| crabs | Hypolobocera gracilignatha | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| plants | Apinagia boliviana | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Parancistrus nudiventris | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Neusticomys venezuelae | Venezuelan Fish-eating Rat | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hypancistrus vandragti | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Cyphocharax laticlavius | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Scobinancistrus aureatus | Picota-ouro | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus psarolaimus | Papallacta Treefrog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Teleocichla centisquama | Slender pike cichlid | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hemigrammus changae | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus bocagei | Bocage’s Rocket Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| crabs | Moritschus ecuadorensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| amphibians | Boana nigra | Black-flanked Treefrog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hyphessobrycon nigricinctus | tetra | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon leopoldi | Xingu Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Paratrygon orinocensis | Orinoco Discus Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Boana gladiator | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| crabs | Fredius granulatus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| fish | Farlowella mitoupibo | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leporacanthicus joselimai | Acari-vampiro | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Apistogramma cinilabra | bujurqui | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus mareikeae | Sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pimelodus garciabarrigai | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ranitomeya benedicta | Blessed Poison Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Laterallus xenopterus | Rufous-faced Crake | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Hyphessobrycon panamensis | Panama Tetra | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hypopygus varii | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides parlettei | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ossubtus xinguense | Pacu-capivara | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Attonitus bounites | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| fish | Leporinus muyscorum | Eater | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pleurodema marmoratum | Marbled Four-eyed Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| crabs | Moritschus altaquerensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus severii | Ituí | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ivanacara bimaculata | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon tatianae | Tatiana’s Freshwater Stingray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Skiotocharax meizon | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Isoetes parvula | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Allobates fratisenescus | Mera Rocket Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leporinus guttatus | Aracu | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Guianacara cuyunii | Patwa | Vulnerable ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| amphibians | Telmatobius brevipes | Huahachuco Water Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius hintoni | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Leucostethus fugax | Pastaza Rocket Frog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Isoetes ecuadoriensis | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Aphyocharacidium melandetum | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus torrenticola | El Pepino Treefrog | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rhinella justinianoi | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Heliotrygon gomesi | Gome’s Round Ray | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Phoenicoparrus andinus | Andean Flamingo | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Corydoras loxozonus | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Derhamia hoffmannorum | Pencilfish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchogiton zuanoni | Sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Paracetopsis atahualpa | Bagre Ballena | Vulnerable ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Spectrolebias pilleti | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus kokraimoro | Sarapó | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Mazarunia charadrica | Red Patwa | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Sporophila cinnamomea | Chestnut Seedeater | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Pluvialis squatarola | Grey Plover | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Orestias munda | Andean Killfish | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rhinella quechua | Unknown | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Prochilodus britskii | Curimba | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Poecilocharax bovaliorum | Bovali’s Tetra | Vulnerable ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hyphessobrycon ecuadorensis | Sardina de rio | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Sporophila ruficollis | Dark-throated Seedeater | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Corydoras panda | panda | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Astroblepus prenadillus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| birds | Calidris minutilla | Least Sandpiper | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Charadrius vociferus | Killdeer | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Landonia latidens | Sardinitas | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis vicarius | Coconuco Robber Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Tringa melanoleuca | Greater Yellowlegs | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Melanorivulus violaceus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Cyphocharax biocellatus | Branquinha | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Calidris pusilla | Semipalmated Sandpiper | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Gephyrocharax chaparae | Chapare-Drüsensalmler | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Farlowella gianetii | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Arenaria interpres | Ruddy Turnstone | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Calidris himantopus | Stilt Sandpiper | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis muscosus | Moss Cutin | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Tocantinsia piresi | Pocomão | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon limai | Madeira Freshwater Stingray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Atelopus loettersi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Creagrutus veruina | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Lontra longicaudis | Neotropical Otter | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Apareiodon agmatos | Broken-line Scrapetooth | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Cetopsidium ferreirai | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| reptiles | Micrurus peruvianus | Peru Coral Snake | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Mazarunia mazarunii | Patwa Cichlid | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leporacanthicus heterodon | Golden Vampire Pleco | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| mammals | Sotalia guianensis | Guiana Dolphin | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hemibrycon inambari | mojarita | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Harttia uatumensis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ancistrus parecis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Myleus pacu | Pacu | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Crenicichla percna | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Spectrolebias reticulatus | Peixe-anual | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extinct |
| amphibians | Rhinella leptoscelis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Trichomycterus piurae | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Parancistrus aurantiacus | Carachama | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Phenacobrycon henni | Sardinitas | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Neblinichthys roraima | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Ameerega boliviana | Bolivian Poison-Arrow Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ancistrus ranunculus | Medusa pleco | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| plants | Lemna yungensis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca pseustes | San Lucas Marsupial Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Anomaloglossus apiau | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Leptodactylus laticeps | Santa Fe Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon marquesi | Marques’ Freshwater Stingray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Gephyromochlus leopardus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Myersiohyla chamaeleo | Chameleon Tree Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| plants | Diospyros nur | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Iotabrycon praecox | Cachuelas | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon scobina | Whitespotted Freshwater Stingray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Ichthyoelephas humeralis | Chaguingo | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| amphibians | Boana almendarizae | Almendariz’s Treefrog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Vermivora chrysoptera | Golden-winged Warbler | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloxalus pulchellus | Espada’s Rocket Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Chaetostoma mollinasum | carachama | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Pristimantis philipi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Colossoma macropomum | Tambaqui | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Distocyclus guchereauae | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Brycon posadae | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Probably Extant |
| birds | Myrmoborus melanurus | Black-tailed Antbird | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius arequipensis | Chili Water Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Salminus santosi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Tepuihyla rodriguezi | Rodriguez’s Amazon Treefrog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Panaque cochliodon | casasola | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyloscirtus armatus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca aguaruna | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Sporophila iberaensis | Ibera Seedeater | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Grundulus cochae | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Pteroglossus bitorquatus | Eastern Red-necked Araçari | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Epipedobates anthonyi | Anthony’s Poison-Arrow Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Phoenicopterus chilensis | Chilean Flamingo | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leptodoras oyakawai | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Telmatobius jelskii | Acancocha Water Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| reptiles | Rhinoclemmys punctularia | Spot-legged Turtle | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hyphessobrycon cantoi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rulyrana mcdiarmidi | McDiarmid’s Glassfrog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Sternarchorhynchus galibi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| birds | Podiceps juninensis | Northern Silvery Grebe | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Nycticryphes semicollaris | South American Painted-snipe | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Leporinus bistriatus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Agamia agami | Agami Heron | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana | Dinelli’s Doradito | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Moenkhausia margitae | mojara | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides intermittens | pez anual | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leptodoras marki | Bacuzinho | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Phegornis mitchellii | Diademed Plover | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Pipile grayi | White-throated Piping-guan | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Phoenicoparrus jamesi | Puna Flamingo | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Orestias empyraeus | andean killifish | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Rulyrana spiculata | Cuzco Cochran Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Leporinus gomesi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pituna xinguensis | Peixe-anual | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Imparfinis cochabambae | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum | Rio Azuela Glass Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Calidris canutus | Red Knot | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon magdalenae | Magdalena Freshwater Stingray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Paracetopsis bleekeri | Ciego | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| birds | Thamnophilus praecox | Cocha Antshrike | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Plesiotrygon nana | Dwarf Antenna Ray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lebiasina melanoguttata | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Lebiasina yuruaniensis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Astroblepus pholeter | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Hypostomus bolivianus | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Potamotrygon humerosa | False Reticulate Freshwater Stingray | Near Threatened ⧉ | Presence Uncertain |
| reptiles | Helicops petersi | Spiral Keelback | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pseudocurimata boulengeri | Dica | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides elongatus | pez anual | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Gallinago nobilis | Noble Snipe | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| amphibians | Gastrotheca ruizi | Ruiz’s Marsupial Frog | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Brachyplatystoma capapretum | Black Piraíba | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pseudocurimata peruana | Dica | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Pseudolithoxus anthrax | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Apistogramma alacrina | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis | Sardinita | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Paulasquama callis | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| birds | Strix chacoensis | Chaco Owl | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Cetopsis starnesi | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Rhabdolichops jegui | Unknown | Near Threatened ⧉ | Possibly Extant |
| fish | Anablepsoides derhami | pez anual | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Pseudoplatystoma corruscans | Spotted Sorubim | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| reptiles | Acanthochelys macrocephala | Pantanal Swamp Turtle | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
| fish | Baryancistrus xanthellus | Amarelinho | Near Threatened ⧉ | Extant |
The presence of endangered species in a watershed provides important information about ecosystem health and biodiversity. Many factors can threaten endangered species within watersheds:
Water management plays an important role in protecting endangered species. This includes maintaining adequate streamflows, protecting riparian zones and wetlands, controlling pollution sources, and preserving habitat connectivity throughout the watershed.
If you're concerned about endangered species in your watershed, there are many ways you can help. Support organizations working on species conservation and habitat protection, or local watershed councils and land trusts in your area. Many watersheds have dedicated conservation groups focused on protecting local rivers, wetlands, and wildlife. Search for [your watershed name] + "conservation," "river keeper," or "watershed association."
You can also take direct action in your community. Participate in river cleanups, plant native vegetation along stream banks, reduce pesticide and fertilizer use, and support land use policies that protect riparian corridors and wetlands.
If you own property near streams or wetlands, consider conservation easements through organizations like the Land Trust Alliance.
Report wildlife sightings to citizen science platforms like iNaturalist or eBird. Your observations can contribute to scientific understanding and conservation planning. Finally, use your voice: contact local officials to support clean water regulations, habitat protection, and sustainable development practices that consider watershed health and wildlife needs.
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